Experiencing a psychotic episode can be like finding yourself in the middle of a stormy sea without a compass. It's disorienting, frightening, and overwhelming not just for the person going through it, but also for those close to them. To navigate these turbulent waters, understanding what's happening in the brain during psychosis and knowing how to offer support can really help both the individual having the episode and those around them.
What's happening in the brain during a psychotic episode?
A psychotic episode is a period when someone loses touch with reality in some way. This can involve hallucinations (seeing or hearing things that aren't there), delusions (strong beliefs in things despite evidence to the contrary), or disorganized thinking (trouble organizing thoughts or speaking coherently). Imagine your brain is like a television, and suddenly the channels are changing on their own, showing you a mix of confusing and often scary images over which you have no control. That's a bit like what is going on during a psychotic episode: the brain is receiving and interpreting signals in a way that creates a very different experience of reality.
The brain is an incredibly complex network of neurons (nerve cells) communicating through electrical signals and chemicals known as neurotransmitters. During a psychotic episode, this communication system gets screwed-up, particularly in areas of the brain responsible for perception, thoughts, and emotions. Some researchers believe that an imbalance of certain neurotransmitters, like dopamine, plays a key role. Dopamine is involved in how we process rewards, make decisions, and perceive our surroundings. When there's too much dopamine in certain areas, it can lead to hallucinations and delusions.
Ways to support someone experiencing a psychotic episode:
Looking after yourself
Supporting someone who is experiencing psychotic episodes can be really scary and draining. If you don’t get the chance to recharge your batteries, much of what is written below can become really difficult and overwhelming. Look after yourself first and take time out to do the things which feed you physically and emotionally.
Remaining calm & compassionate
Understand that a psychotic episode can be terrifying for the person experiencing it. Approach them with calmness and compassion, offering reassurance without dismissing their feelings. Let them know you're there to support them.
Seeking professional help
You’re not alone - try to encourage them to seek help from a mental health professional. You could offer to help with making appointments or accompany them if they need support. If this is a first episode, early intervention can make a real difference to recovery.
Educating yourself
Learning about psychosis and mental health can empower you to better understand what your loved one is going through. This knowledge can also help you provide more effective support and dispel any myths or judgments surrounding the condition.
Creating Supportive Environment
Aim to be the solid rock - the foundation for them. Although it can be really difficult, try to maintain a calm and stress-free environment. Try not to get flustered by what they are saying. Reducing stressors can help alleviate some symptoms of psychosis and prevent episodes from worsening.
Listening Without Judgment
Offer a listening ear and seek to understand what is going on for them - without judging or challenging their experiences. Even if what they're saying doesn't match your reality, it's very real to them. Feeling heard and understood can be incredibly comforting and helps to build and maintain trust.
Encouraging Routine
Help them maintain a regular routine, including healthy eating, sleeping, and physical activity. A stable routine can provide a sense of normalcy and control in what can otherwise be a very confusing and scary world.
Being Patient
Recovery from a psychotic episode takes time, and there may well be ups and downs. Patience and ongoing support are key. Celebrate small victories and progress together.
Supporting someone through a psychotic episode is about offering a lifeline through the storm. It's about being there, providing stability, understanding, and compassion. Remember, you're not alone—there are resources and professionals ready to help navigate these challenges. With the right support, recovery is not just possible; it's probable.
Further Information
If you want to understand a little more about Psychosis, I can recommend this TEDx talk from Paul Fletcher, Professor of Health Neuroscience at Cambridge University's Department of Psychiatry:
Thank you for helping to break down the barriers to understanding psychosis and taking away some of the fear. 💚